Male infertility relates to a male’s lack of ability to induce conception in a fertile woman, explained Dr. Nalini. (Centre head – renu addressing a gathering of hopeful infertile couples at the WFS clinic in Delhi. She further added that it comprises of 40-50% of infertility, and influences around 7% of most adult males. Male infertility is often on account of problems in the semen, as well as semen quality.
She further went on to share some of the main causes of male infertility as observed by her while attending patients at the World fertility services IVF centre in india which are as given below.
Causes of male infertility:
Pre-testicular causes of male infertility
Pre-testicular causes signify those problems that obstruct sufficient support of the testes also involve conditions of weak hormonal support in addition to weak overall health explained Dr. Nalini. at the World Fertility Services IVF centre in India. Being one of the best IVF centres in Delhi following are some of the pre-testicular factors observed by him:
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism on account of numerous causes. If you are obese, then you have a greater chance of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. It also brings about Leptin insensitivity in the hypothalamus, resulting in reduced Kiss1 expression, which, consequently, changes the discharge of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).Coeliac disease : Not taking sufficient care of coeliac disease (CD) or it is left undiagnosed. Coeliac males sometimes have reversible infertility. However, CD may found with a number of non-gastrointestinal signs or symptoms that may include just about any specific organ system, even in the lack of gastrointestinal signs or symptoms. Hence, the medical diagnosis could be overlooked, resulting in a chance of long lasting problems. In males, CD may reduce semen quality as well as result in immature supplementary sex features, hypogonadism in addition to hyperprolactinaemia, which causes impotence and even lack of sex drive.Drugs, alcoholic beverages.Exhausting riding (cycling, horseback riding).Prescription drugs, like those who influence spermatogenesis for instance chemotherapy, anabolic steroids, cimetidine, spironolactone; the ones that reduce FSH levels for instance phenytoin; the ones that reduce sperm motility like sulfasalazine and also nitrofurantoin.Hereditary problems like a Robertsonian translocation
Smoking Cigarettes
Cautioning all the attendees at the our IVF clinic in delhi Dr. nalini said that there are clear indications that the hazardous products in a cigarette harms the testicles and even destroys the sperm.
Smoking tobacco enhances consumption of cadmium, simply because the tobacco plant assimilates the metal. Cadmium is chemically the same as zinc and might exchange zinc in the DNA polymerase, which has an important part in sperm generation. Zinc-substituted by cadmium in DNA polymerase could be quite harmful to the testes.
DNA deterioration
Prevalent genetic variants in genes that encode enzymes found in DNA mismatch repair are related to the greater threat of sperm DNA destruction as well as male infertility. Since adult males grow older you will find a uniform drop in semen quality, this deterioration is apparently as a result of DNA damage.
Epigenetic
A growing number of new facts have been recorded documenting irregular sperm DNA methylation in connection with irregular semen parameters in addition to male infertility.
Testicular issues
Being one of the best IVF hospitals in Bangalore testicular issues are found to be major contributors to male infertility. Since they include those situations when the testes generate sperm of lower quantity and/or low quality in spite of proper hormonal support, said Dr. nalini. She further went on to enumerate the various testicular issues which affect male infertility as given below:
Varicocele is found in 15% of normal males and in around 40% of infertile males. It generally causes as much as 35% of primary infertility in addition to 69-81% of secondary infertility.Age Hereditary deficiencies on the Y chromosomeY chromosome micro-deletions Irregular pair of chromosomes Kline felter syndrome Neoplasm, e.g. Seminoma Idiopathic breakdown Cryptorchidism Stress Hydrocele Mumps Malaria Testicular melanoma Deficiencies in USP26 in certain cases Acrosomal problems which affects egg penetration.Idiopathic oligospermia – mysterious sperm disorders make up for 30% of male infertility.Azoospermia
Radiation treatment to a testis diminishes its performance; however infertility can easily be averted by avoiding radiation to both testes.
Post-testicular reasons
WFS IVF specialists in Bangalore consider post-testicular factors to be critical in determining male infertility. Since they have an effect on the male genital system after testicular sperm generation as well as involve problems of the genital path in addition to difficulties in ejaculation. Hence our infertility specialists in Bangalore have compiled a list of post- testicular reasons which contribute to male infertility:
Vas deferens obstruction Insufficient Vas deferens usually linked to genetic markers for Cystic FibrosisAn infection, e.g. prostatitis Retrograde ejaculation Ejaculatory duct blockage Hypospadias Impotence
Treatment methods
Treatment options change in accordance with the underlying condition as well as the level of the deterioration of the male fertility stated Dr. Nalini . Moreover, in an infertility condition, the fertility of the woman has also to be taken into account she added.
Following are a host of treatments advised by the World Fertility IVF specialists in Delhi for pre, post, and testicular based issues.
Pre-testicular issues are often resolved by clinical ways or interventions emphasised Dr. Nalini Gupta
Testicular-based male infertility is usually immune to treatment. Standard strategies consist of utilizing the sperm for intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), or simply IVF with intracytoplasmatic sperm injections (ICSI). Even with a few sperm pregnancies can be accomplished utilizing IVF-ICSI.
Obstructive reasons behind post-testicular infertility could be treated with both surgical treatments as well as IVF-ICSI. Ejaculatory problems might be treatable by medicine, or even by IUI treatment or just IVF.
Vitamin E helps counter oxidative stress, which is connected with sperm DNA problems and also diminished sperm motility. A hormone-antioxidant blend could develop sperm number in addition to motility. Oral antioxidants provided to adult males in young couples going through in vitro fertilisation for the male element or unexplained sub fertility leads to increased live birth rate informed Dr. nalini
Hormonal treatment
Use of luteinizing hormone (LH) (as well as human chorionic gonadotropin) in addition to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is quite useful in curing male infertility because of hypogonadotropichypogonadism.
Estrogens, at a certain level, and under the supervision of a certified infertility specialist are seen to be important for male fertility and has demonstrated success in assisting spermatogenesis.
Low-dose estrogens together with testosterone blending treatment can develop sperm count as well as motility in a few males, like in males with serious oligospermia.
Potential future treatment options
Enlightening the August audience Dr. Paul (Chairman – World fertility services) informed that scientists at Münster University created in vitro culture environment employing a three-dimensional agar culture system which causes mouse testicular germ cells to arrive at the concluding phases of spermatogenesis, such as spermatozoa generation. If duplicated in human beings, this might actually permit infertile males to father kids with their very own sperm.
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